MBBR sewage treatment plant performance under low temperature environment

The performance of MBBR (moving bed biofilm reactor) sewage treatment plant will be affected to a certain extent under low temperature environment, but there are also countermeasures to maintain a relatively stable treatment effect.
Reduced microbial activity
In low temperature environment, the metabolic rate of microorganisms will slow down. Because the enzyme activity in microorganisms is sensitive to temperature, when the temperature decreases, the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme decreases, resulting in a slowdown in the rate of biochemical reactions such as microbial decomposition of organic matter, nitrification and denitrification. For example, under normal circumstances, for every 10°C decrease in water temperature, the activity of microorganisms may decrease by about half. This makes the MBBR device's removal efficiency of pollutants in sewage, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen, decrease, and the treated sewage quality may not meet the standards at room temperature.

Reduced mass transfer efficiency
Low temperature increases the viscosity of water, increases the solubility of gas in water but slows down the diffusion rate. In MBBR devices, this means that the mass transfer efficiency of oxygen during aeration is reduced. For aerobic microorganisms, insufficient oxygen supply will further limit their activity. At the same time, the contact and material exchange between pollutants and microorganisms in sewage will also be affected, because the increased viscosity of the liquid increases the diffusion resistance between them, thus affecting the treatment effect.

Measures to deal with low temperature and performance improvement
Insulation measures: The MBBR device can be insulated. For example, the reaction tank can be wrapped with insulation materials to reduce heat loss. In this way, the water temperature in the reaction tank can be maintained to a certain extent, slowing down the rate of decrease in microbial activity. If the water temperature can be kept at a relatively high level, the treatment performance of the device will not drop significantly.

Appropriately extend the hydraulic retention time (HRT): Considering the decrease in microbial activity, appropriately extend the residence time of sewage in the MBBR device to give microorganisms more time to treat pollutants in sewage. By reasonably adjusting the inlet and outlet valves and increasing the residence time of sewage in the device, the adverse effects of low temperature on treatment efficiency can be partially compensated.

Adding low-temperature resistant microbial strains: Screening and adding microbial strains that adapt to low-temperature environments can enhance the treatment capacity of the device at low temperatures. These low-temperature resistant strains can still maintain relatively high activity under low temperature conditions. They can grow and reproduce in biofilms and work together with existing microorganisms to decompose pollutants in sewage.

Strengthen the aeration system: In order to cope with the reduction of oxygen mass transfer efficiency at low temperatures, the aeration system can be optimized. For example, increase the aeration intensity or use more efficient aeration equipment, such as microporous aerators, to improve the oxygen supply efficiency and ensure that aerobic microorganisms have enough oxygen for metabolic activities, thereby maintaining the device's ability to remove pollutants.

In general, the performance of MBBR sewage treatment plants will decline in low temperature environments, but the above measures can alleviate this adverse effect to a certain extent, so that it can still play a good sewage treatment role under low temperature conditions.
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