How microorganisms purify water in sewage treatment
Apr 10, 2023
During the purification process of sewage treatment, microorganisms generally degrade and transform organic substances in harmful compounds in sewage. Let me introduce how microorganisms purify water quality in sewage treatment.
1. Degradation. Bacteria, fungi, and algae can all degrade organic pollutants. For example, aerobic gram-negative bacilli and cocci can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons, organophosphorus pesticides, chlorobenzene, etc.; molds can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons, trichlorfon, promethazine, etc.; algae can degrade various phenolic compounds.
2. Co-metabolism. Co-metabolism refers to the phenomenon that microorganisms can decompose organic matter substrates, but cannot use this substrate as energy and constituent elements. Such microorganisms include Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Nocardia, and Bacillus.
3. Detoxification. Detoxification means that microorganisms change the molecular structure of pollutants through transformation, degradation, mineralization, polymerization and other reactions, thereby reducing or removing their toxicity. For example, the organophosphorus pesticide malathion can be decomposed into substances containing one or two acids under the hydrolysis of microorganisms.
It is worth noting that the role of microorganisms is complex, and some microorganisms also have toxic effects while purifying them. resulting in new pollution. For example, trichlorethylene can be converted into vinyl chloride under the action of microorganisms, which is a strong carcinogen. Therefore, while using microorganisms for purification, it is necessary to closely monitor the intermediate and final products of organic decomposition in the system and their toxicity.
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